Indonesia Super League
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Liga 1 ( en, League 1), also known as BRI Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons with
Bank Rakyat Indonesia PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ( 'Indonesian People's Bank', commonly known as BRI) is one of the largest banks in Indonesia. It specialises in small scale and microfinance style borrowing from and lending to its approximately 30 mill ...
, is the men's top professional
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
division of the
Indonesian football league system The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in Indonesia. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight footba ...
. Administered by the PT Liga Indonesia Baru (), Liga 1 is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a system of
promotion and relegation In sports leagues, promotion and relegation is a process where teams are transferred between multiple divisions based on their performance for the completed season. Leagues that use promotion and relegation systems are often called open leagues. ...
with Liga 2. Top-flight professional league in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
started from the 2008–09 season onwards, initially under the name of Indonesia Super League until 2015. Prior to the 2008 reforms, the national competitions used a tournament format. Liga 1, which started in 2017, is the latest rebranding of the league. Forty teams have competed in the top-tier league of Indonesian football since the start of the modern era in 2008 as the Indonesia Super League. Seven teams have been crowned champions, with
Persipura Jayapura Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura, or Persipura, is an Indonesian football club based in Jayapura, Papua. The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 2. Persipura used to always use the Mandala Stadium as their ...
winning the title three times (2009, 2011, 2013), the most among the teams.


History


Origins

In 1994,
PSSI The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
merged teams from
Perserikatan Perserikatan is a term that commonly refers to national amateur football competitions in Indonesia held between 1931 and 1994 before the formation of Liga Indonesia, organized by the PSSI, the Indonesian football federation. The competition involve ...
, which was a popular league for amateur clubs representing regional football associations, and
Galatama Liga Sepak Bola Utama (English: ''Premier Football League''), commonly known by its acronym Galatama, was a semi professional football league in Indonesia, established in 1979 by the Indonesian Football Association, PSSI. Prior to the establishment ...
, which was a less popular league made up of semi-professional teams, to form Liga Indonesia, integrating the fanaticism in the Perserikatan and the professionalism of Galatama with the aim of improving the quality of Indonesian football. This effort ushered in a tiered system in the Indonesian competitive football scene. The group stage format, which was used in Perserikatan, was combined with a full competition system followed by the semi-final and final rounds like Galatama.


Foundation

The modern competition era started in 2008 with the 2008–09 Indonesia Super League. The first season began with 18 clubs. The first Indonesia Super League goal was scored by Ernest Jeremiah of Persipura in a 2–2 draw against Sriwijaya F.C. The 18 inaugural members of the new Indonesia Super League were Persipura, Persiwa,
Persib Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung ( 'Indonesian Football Association of Bandung'), commonly referred to as Persib Bandung, or simply Persib, is a professional football club based in Bandung, West Java, which competes in Liga 1, the to ...
, Persik,
Sriwijaya Srivijaya ( id, Sriwijaya) was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia), which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th ...
,
Persela Persatuan Sepakbola Lamongan, or commonly known as Persela, is an Indonesian football club based in Lamongan, East Java. Currently the club plays in Liga 2, the second tier of football in the country. History Although it has been establishe ...
, Persija, PSM,
Pelita Jaya Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club. The club is based in Pamekasan, Madura, East Java. They currently play in the Liga 1. Established on 10 January 2016, Madura United FC is one of few professional clubs ...
, Arema, Persijap, Persiba,
PKT Bontang Bontang Football Club (formerly known as PKT Bontang or Pupuk Kaltim) is an Indonesian professional football team located in Bontang, East Kalimantan in the island of Borneo. The homebase is Mulawarman Stadium. Bontang FC prides itself as th ...
, Persitara,
PSMS Short Message/Messaging Service, commonly abbreviated as SMS, is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet and mobile device systems. It uses standardized communication protocols that let mobile devices exchange short text ...
, Deltras, Persita, and PSIS. Originally, Persiter and Persmin were qualified to register but they failed the verification requirements to be inaugural members of the Indonesia Super League.


Dualism

As the football scene in Indonesia was heavily politicized with rival factions upending each other, conflict was the norm prior to 2017. The worst conflict occurred in 2011. After the inauguration of the new PSSI board in 2011, a member of PSSI's Executive Committee and chairman of its Competition Committee, Sihar Sitorus, appointed PT Liga Prima Indonesia Sportindo as the new league operator replacing PT Liga Indonesia because the latter failed to provide an accountability report to the PSSI. Sitorus, one of many politicians in the PSSI, announced the Indonesia Premier League as the new top-level competition in Indonesia. Upon the emergence of Liga Primer Indonesia (LPI), PSSI did not recognize the validity of ISL. ISL regulars PSM, Persema, and Persibo, which had boycotted the ISL operators due to referee and management decisions, gladly defected to join LPI along with splinters of existing ISL teams. However, the 2011 LPI season was stopped mid-season, due to continued schism within PSSI; a new league, Indonesian Premier League (''Liga Prima Indonesia'', IPL) replaced it in late 2011 for the 2011–12 season. Before the schism of PSSI, Sitorus triggered more controversy when he said the new competition would be divided into two regions and there would be an addition of six clubs in the top division, which angered many association members. Thus, 14 teams that were supposed to be Indonesia Premier League contestants chose to support the Indonesia Super League that continued to roll under the support of the pro-IPL faction, despite being labeled as an illegal competition. The official PSSI, supported by
FIFA FIFA (; stands for ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ( French), meaning International Association Football Federation ) is the international governing body of association football, beach football and futsal. It was found ...
and AFC, did not recognize the ISL for two seasons. In the meantime, the Indonesian Premier League became the top-tier league from 2011 to 2013 with only 11 teams. In a PSSI extraordinary meeting on 17 March 2013, association members slammed Sitorus and decided that the Indonesia Super League would once again emerge as the top-level competition, following the disbandment of the Indonesian Premier League. Sitorus and five other PSSI board members were suspended from the sport for their roles in the split (locally referred to as ''dualisme'', "dualism" in English) that disrupted Indonesian football. The new PSSI board also decided that the best seven teams of the 2013 Indonesian Premier League, following verification, would join the unified league.
Semen Padang PT Semen Padang is the state-owned company that became oldest cement plant in Indonesia, having been founded in 1910. The company owns the football club Semen Padang F.C., that competes in the Liga 2 (Indonesia). History PT Semen Padang ...
, Persiba Bantul, Persijap, and PSM passed verification, while Perseman, Persepar, and Pro Duta did not, meaning the 2014 season was contested with 22 teams.


Government intervention and FIFA suspension

The impact of split haunted Indonesian football years after the reconsolidation. On 18 April 2015, Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs Imam Nahrawi officially banned the activities of
PSSI The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
after PSSI refused to recognize the recommendations from the Indonesian Professional Sports Agency (BOPI), an agency under the ministry, that
Arema Cronus Arema Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club based in Malang, East Java. The club competes in the Liga 1, the top flight of Indonesian Football. They are considered one of the best and most successful football clubs in ...
and
Persebaya Persatuan Sepakbola Surabaya ( 'Football Association of Surabaya'), commonly known as Persebaya Surabaya or simply Persebaya, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Surabaya, East Java East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a provinc ...
should not pass ISL verification because there were still other clubs using the same name. Previously, Nachrawi had sent three letters of reprimand. However, PSSI refused to answer his call until a predetermined deadline. As a result, PSSI officially stopped all competitions in 2015 season after PSSI's Executive Committee meeting on 2 May 2015 called the government intervention as a
force majeure In contract law, (from Law French: 'overwhelming force', ) is a common clause in contracts which essentially frees both parties from liability or obligation when an extraordinary event or circumstance beyond the control of the parties, such ...
. The government intervention also led
FIFA FIFA (; stands for ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ( French), meaning International Association Football Federation ) is the international governing body of association football, beach football and futsal. It was found ...
to punish Indonesia with a one-year suspension of all association football activities as the world body considered overbearing state involvement in footballing matters as a violation against its member PSSI. During the suspension, some tournaments were made to fill the vacuum, starting with the
2015 Indonesia President's Cup The 2015 Indonesia President's Cup ( id, Piala Presiden 2015) was the first edition of the Indonesia President's Cup. The tournament was held to restore the atmosphere of Indonesian football which was frozen by FIFA. The tournament was held from ...
, in which
Persib Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung ( 'Indonesian Football Association of Bandung'), commonly referred to as Persib Bandung, or simply Persib, is a professional football club based in Bandung, West Java, which competes in Liga 1, the to ...
came out as champions, until the Bhayangkara Cup closed the series of unrecognized tournaments. On 13 May 2016, FIFA officially ended the suspension, following the revocation of the Indonesian ministerial decision on 10 May 2016. A long-term tournament with full competition format,
Indonesia Soccer Championship Indonesia Soccer Championship (ISC; id, Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Indonesia), also known as Torabika Soccer Championship for sponsorship reasons, was a temporarily professional football competition system in Indonesia, replacing the temporarily-suspe ...
, emerged shortly thereafter. The 2016 season saw
Persipura Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura, or Persipura, is an Indonesian association football, football club based in Jayapura, Papua (province), Papua. The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 2 (Indonesia), Liga 2. Per ...
taking the title.


Current name

In 2017, the top-flight football competition was rebranded under a new official name, Liga 1. The name changes also applied to Premier Division (became Liga 2) and
Liga Nusantara Liga 3 (English: ''League Three'') is the lowest tier in Indonesian football league system. Formed as Liga Nusantara in 2014, this league occupies the third tier and consists of 2 rounds: ''provincial qualification''—held in every provinces in ...
(became Liga 3). The operator of the competition was also changed from PT Liga Indonesia (LI) to PT Liga Indonesia Baru (LIB). Bhayangkara was the first champion of the competition under the new name. True to the controversial nature of Indonesian football, the crowning triggered flak from fans. Bhayangkara, a team managed by the
Indonesian Police '' , mottotranslated = (Serving the Nation) , formed = , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , employees = 440,000 (2020) , volunteers = , budget = , nongovernment ...
that had no fanbase, won due to head-to-head advantage against
Bali United Bali United Football Club is a professional football club based in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. The club competes in the Liga 1, the top tier of Indonesian football. Bali United emerged in 2015 as the result of the total rebranding of Indonesia ...
, a team with rapidly growing support due to its modern professional management, after both teams had the same points at the end of the season. Bali United finally won the title in 2019.


Competition format


Competition

There are 18 clubs in Liga 1. During the course of a season all teams play each other twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents', for 34 games. Teams receive
three points for a win Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is ...
, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are
ranked A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than" or "ranked equal to" the second. In mathematics, this is known as a weak order or total preorder of ...
by total points first, then head-to-head records, goal difference, goals scored, fair play, and drawing of lots. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into Liga 2, and the second round group winners from Liga 2, together with the winner of third place play-off involving the group runner-up of Liga 2 second round, are promoted in their place.


Promotion and relegation

A system of
promotion and relegation In sports leagues, promotion and relegation is a process where teams are transferred between multiple divisions based on their performance for the completed season. Leagues that use promotion and relegation systems are often called open leagues. ...
exists between Liga 1 and Liga 2. The three lowest placed teams in Liga 1 are relegated to Liga 2, and the second round group winners from Liga 2 are promoted to the Liga 1, with an additional team promoted after a third-place play-off involving the group runners-up of Liga 2 second round. The Indonesian Super League had 22 teams in 2014 due to the merging of the two professional leagues in Indonesia.


Clubs

Forty clubs have played in the top-flight Indonesian football competitions from the start of the modern era in 2008 as Indonesia Super League, up to and including the 2022–23 season.


Champions


Most successful clubs

Notably three-time champions
Persipura Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura, or Persipura, is an Indonesian association football, football club based in Jayapura, Papua (province), Papua. The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 2 (Indonesia), Liga 2. Per ...
and one-time champions
Sriwijaya Srivijaya ( id, Sriwijaya) was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia), which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th ...
are currently out of the Liga 1.


2022–23 season

The following 18 clubs will compete in the Liga 1 during the
2022–23 The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen b ...
season. * Remark : Top division means the highest level of Indonesian football which includes the Liga Indonesia Premier Division until 2008 and the Indonesian Premier League during the dualism era. * Top division began from 1994–95 season when Galatama and Perserikatan merged to form Liga Indonesia. *
Persipura Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura, or Persipura, is an Indonesian association football, football club based in Jayapura, Papua (province), Papua. The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 2 (Indonesia), Liga 2. Per ...
,
Persela Persatuan Sepakbola Lamongan, or commonly known as Persela, is an Indonesian football club based in Lamongan, East Java. Currently the club plays in Liga 2, the second tier of football in the country. History Although it has been establishe ...
, and Persiraja were relegated to the Liga 2 for the 2022 season, while
Persis Persis ( grc-gre, , ''Persís''), better known in English as Persia ( Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, ''Parsa''; fa, پارس, ''Pârs''), or Persia proper, is the Fars region, located to the southwest of modern-day Iran, now a province. T ...
, RANS Nusantara, and Dewa United as winners, runners-up, and third-place play-off winners respectively, were promoted from the 2021 season. a: Founding member of the Liga 1
b: Never been relegated from Liga 1
c: Absent but never got relegated


Maps


Former clubs

The following clubs competed in the Liga 1 for at least one season, but are not competing in the
2022–23 The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen b ...
season. * Remark : Top division means the highest level of Indonesian football which includes the Liga Indonesia Premier Division until 2008 and the Indonesian Premier League during the dualism era. a: Founding member of the Liga 1


All-time Liga 1 table

The All-time Liga 1 table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Liga 1 since its inception in 2008. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2021–22 season. Because the 2014 season used a two-region format, as per statistical convention in football, matches decided in
extra time Overtime or extra time is an additional period of play specified under the rules of a sport to bring a game to a decision and avoid declaring the match a tie or draw where the scores are the same. In some sports, this extra period is played onl ...
are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. This all-time table also includes the abandoned
2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
and
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...
season. Notes: Point deductions: League or status at
2022–23 The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen b ...
:


Players


Foreign players

Foreign players policy has changed multiple times since the league inception. * 2008–2013: 5 foreign players including 2 Asian quota. * 2014: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota and only 3 can be on the field at a time. * 2015: 3 foreign players. All 3 players can be on the field. * 2017: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota and 1 marquee player quota. All 4 players can be on the field. * 2018–present: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota. All 4 players can be on the field.


Awards


Top scorers

Notes:


Best players


Best young players


Best goalkeepers


Best coaches


Best goals


Fair play teams


Best referees


Sponsorship


Media coverage


Current


Former

Notes:


Commercial partners


See also

*
List of football clubs in Indonesia This is a list of football clubs in Indonesia. Currently the governing body of football in Indonesia is the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI), which is in charge of its national teams and its leagues, with the highest one being Liga 1. ...
*
List of football clubs in Indonesia by major honours won This is a list of the major honours won by football clubs in Indonesia. It lists every Indonesia club to have won any of the domestic trophies recognized as major titles by FIFA. Honours table Numbers in bold are Indonesian record tota ...
*
List of top-division football clubs in AFC countries The List of top-division football clubs in Asian Football Confederation (AFC) countries. The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) includes all countries within the Asian territory as members, except Abkhazia, Armenia, Artsakh, Azerbaijan, Chagos ...
*
List of association football competitions This is a list of the association football competitions past and present for international teams and for club football, in individual countries and internationally. Confirmed future competitions are also included. The competitions are grouped b ...
*
Football records and statistics in Indonesia This page details football records in Indonesia. National team Individual *Most appearances: 111, Abdul Kadir (1965 - 1979) (105 in official FIFA matches) *Most goals: 70, Abdul Kadir (1965 - 1979) (68 in official FIFA matches) *Best scoring p ...


References


External links

*
RSSSF.com – Indonesia – List of Champions
{{AFC leagues 1 1 Top level football leagues in Asia Sports leagues established in 2008 Sports leagues established in 2017 2008 establishments in Indonesia 2017 establishments in Indonesia Professional sports leagues in Indonesia